rubber, shell, jewelry stones, copper ornaments etc., many from the more complex societies further south in Mexico.stone work: beads, earspools, ornaments, axes, sculptural vessels.bracelets, beads, pendants, rings, etched ornaments.Snaketown and similar large towns with ballcourts and platforms presumably served the ritual needs of smaller, surrounding villages without them.maybe they could mobilize more labor for farming, craft production, defense, etc.suggesting that large domestic units were of high status.larger patios tended to be near the center of town, near the platforms and a central plaza.surrounded by 60 mounds and two ball courts.probably had ceremonial structures on top.plastered with clay or caliche (natural lime).one is 29 m x 23 m, and 3 m tall (95 x 75 feet, 10 feet tall).others think that this contact was secondary to an essentially local development.this and other ties to mesoamerican traditions has suggested to some that contact with the south was crucial to the development of complex Hohokam society.rubber balls found at Snaketown, similar to mesoamerican ones.some versions had a hoop to hit the ball through.had to hit a rubber ball without using hands.based on Spanish observations, mesoamerican art, etc:.a ritual 'game' also played in mesoamerica.oval depressions 60 m (195 feet) long, with sloping sides 4.5-6 m high (15-20 feet).they began to build ball courts, including one at Snaketown.possibly a special-purpose building: shrine? men's house? etc.larger patios also had one square structure (rest were oblong rectangles).maybe a shift from more communal to more nuclear family living arrangements.just divided into smaller, more private parts.so the total size of the economic unit may not have changed much.some still had only two houses, but others had up to six pithouses per patio.maybe 125 pithouses, holding 500 - 1000 people.Snaketown grew, reaching 1 square kilometer by its peak at 900 AD.by 600 AD, many more villages, rising regional population.arranged in pairs facing a common patio.near the confluence of the Gila and Salt rivers.by 300 AD, they were diverting river water into many canals to irrigate maize fields.saguaro, barrel, cholla, prickly pear cactus.'basin and range' terrain, divided by parallel mountain ranges.Mogollon near the Mogollon rim, edge of the high plateau in central Arizona, and in eastern Arizona/western New Mexico.Anasazi in the high desert four corners area.

Hohokam in southern Arizona, northern Mexico low desert.

typical dwellings were pithouses with mud-plastered superstructures.

maybe because of reliable crops near rivers.

villages of just houses in open, undefended spots.

in the lower, hotter, southern desert areas.

maybe because of pressures during harsh winters.

in the higher, cooler, northern areas of the Southwest.

ceramics (not very portable, good for boiling plant foods).

By 1 AD, people were settling down more and eating more farmed crops.

people continued mostly foraging, with small supplemental farming.Maize was adopted from Mexico between 20 BC, but it had little impact.As megafauna disappeared, they shifted to more diversified foraging.First inhabitants arrived around 9,000 BC, hunting big game in the immediate Post-Pleistocene (as far as we know!).hot in lower elevations, high desert with cold winters and snow at higher elevations.The setting: Southwest of US, northwest of Mexico.These pueblo homes made use of the rocky and arid surroundings and were particularly useful for the Anasazi who carved their homes upon steep cliffsides.The Southwest: Hohokam, Mogollon, and Anasazi The Puebloan settlements utilized unique homes known as pueblos carved from stone and adobe, in a blocky almost apartmentlike fashion, allowing for both horizontal and vertical construction of multiple stories. The Hohokam people made particularly good use of irrigation systems in order to make use of their surroundings and grow “three sisters” crops (corn, beans, & squash), allowing for them to live more sedentary rather than nomadic lifestyles, and sustain higher populations. The Anasazi made use of their rocky surroundings in order to make their homes high on steep cliffsides making them easily defensible but isolated. Of these Puebloan people, there were notably the Anasazi and Hohokam people. These settlements belonged to generally rocky and arid desert-like areas with an overall lack of rivers. Southwest Settlements: Hohokam, Anasazi, Pueblos (GEO, MIG) (– jan 1, 1400) Description: The Southwest Settlements were a group of Native American settlements and civilizations located in the southwest area of North America which primarily belonged to groups of people categorized as Puebloans.

Hohokam anasazi